Through the questionnaire survey targeted at providers of ecosystem services as above, several case study sites were selected out of many willing forest owners. Selected case study sites are Seitaro Health Forest (Akita Pref.), Restoration of Sustainable Pine Mushroom Production System* (Iwaizumi town, Iwate Pref.), Development of Foresting Base* (Doshi village, Yamanashi Pref.), Sophia Forest* (Nagano Pref.), Shoji Forest (Akita Pref.), Gohara Forest Bathing Forest (Yufuin town, Oita Pref.), Nagahama Matching Center* (Nagahama town, Shiga Pref.) and Wow Tour and Stakeholder Negotiation for PES* (Kouga city Ohara District, Shiga Pref.). (Note: * Marked ones were selected not from the survey, but through other channels.)